Chapter 1 Introduction -- part PART I Bringing American Federalism to Life -- chapter 2 Federalism at the Founding -- chapter 3 Federalism, Political Parties, and Interests -- part PART II The Deepest American Conflicts: Race and Economic Power -- chapter 4 Federalism and Race -- chapter 5 Federalism and American Capitalism -- part PART III The Construction of Active Government -- chapter 6 Progressive Reform -- chapter 7 The New Deal -- chapter 8 Liberal Activism and Intergovernmental Relations Health Care From the New Deal to the Great Society to -- chapter 9 Federalism and Today{u2019}s Issues -- chapter 10 American Federalism in the Twenty-First Century.
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What were the Founding Fathers really thinking when they gathered in the Pennsylvania State House to draft the United States Constitution? This book explores this question and more. Organized thematically, each chapter covers a crucial Constitutional issue: the respective roles of the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature; the balance between the federal government and the states; slavery; and war and peace.
Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Tables and Figures; Tables; Figures; Preface; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; 1 Politics and the Constitution; How Historians and Social Scientists have approached the Constitution; A political approach to Understanding the Constitution's Design; Political and Economic Circumstances; Policy Strategies for the Constitution; A Policy Map of the Constitution; The Politics the Constitution Made; 2 The Policy Crisis of the 1780s; The Independent American States; The States' Diverse and Conflicting Interests.
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The U.S. led the world in environmental policy in the 1970s, but now lags behind comparable nations and resists joining others in tackling climate change. Two embedded, entwined, and exceptional American institutions—broad private property rights and competitive federalism—are necessary for explaining this shift. These two institutions shaped the exceptional stringency of 1970s American environmental laws and the powerful backlash against these laws that continues today. American colonies ensured broad private rights to use land and natural resources for profit. The colonies and the independent state governments that followed wielded expansive authority to govern this commodified environment. In the 1780s, Congress underwrote state governance of the privatized environment by directing the parceling and transfer of federal land to private parties and of environmental governance to future states. The 1787 Constitution cemented these relationships and exposed states to interstate economic competition. Environmental laws of the 1970s imposed unprecedented challenges to the environmental prerogatives long protected by these institutions, and the beneficiaries responded with a wide-ranging counterattack. Federalism enabled this opposition to build powerful regional alliances to stymie action on climate change. These overlooked institutional factors are necessary to explain why Canadian and American environmental policies have diverged.